A review on regulatory control of chromium stress in plants

Chromium (Cr) is a non-biodegradable heavy metal that persists long in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems enters the food chain. It cytotoxic even at low concentrations reduces yield of plants. Plants also have cellular mechanisms to manage accumulation ions inside cell diminish possible injury from non-essential ions. This paper reviews current information on plant response Cr, key environmental pollutant. The harmful effects together with absorption, transfer, aggregation Cr are discussed. roles wall, plasma membrane, microbes as primary hindrances for ingression into cell, along sequestration compartmentalization process, been Cr-generated oxidative regarded main deliberated effect toxicity. interferes NADPH oxidases (plasma membrane) electron transport chains, which develop leakage. Some genes related stress plants get expressed, suppression produces protective by activating signal transduction pathways. expression like BnaCnng69940D BnaC08g49360D increased, involved protein kinase activity, transduction, oxidoreductase activity. increased mRNA levels proteins, including HSP90-1 MT-1, reported Brassica napus plant. stressed environment around may stimulate biosynthesis phytochelatins metal-binding role plant’s growth development.